(N)-(P)-(K)-(S)-(Fe)
21-7-14-1.5
The hyphenated numbers on the front label stand for the major nutrients plants need - nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). The numbers, always given in the same order, represent the percentages of each of N, P, and K in the bag (by weight). Other nutrients are often found in fertilizer, such as Sulfur (S) and Iron (Fe).
Nitrogen (N)is the main nutrient for new, green growth and deep green foliage. Plants that are almost all leaf (such as lawn grasses) need plenty of nitrogen, so the first number is especially high in fertilizers for lawns because grass must continuously renew itself after mowing.
Phosphorus (P) promotes healthy root development to strengthen plants and large flower blooms. Lots of phosphorous is great for bulbs, perennials, and newly planted trees and shrubs.
Potassium (K) improves the overall health of plants. It helps them withstand very hot or cold weather and defends against diseases. Most soils already have some potassium, so the potassium percentage is usually smaller than the other two. Fertilizer meant for fall often contains extra potassium to help prepare plants for cold weather.
Sulfur (S) helps maintain a dark green color while encouraging more vigorous plant growth.
Iron (Fe) is the minor element most often lacking from poor soils. It helps plants maintain a dark green color.
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